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An enthusiast photographer, blogger and dreamer. Currently a 5th year medical student in Mansoura, Egypt. Hometown in Malaysia

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Taiping Hospital snuffed out my father's life

Monday, September 27, 2010

article's source: http://www.malaysiakini.com

With all humility let me introduce myself. I am a doctor who started his career as a houseman in 1983 at the Taiping Hospital. True to the nobleness of my late father and my profession, this is written in full honesty, level-headedness and rationality.

My father, of 94 years of age, passed away on Aug 5 at the Taiping Hospital in Ward D4. Life has to end at one point of our life and there are no misgivings in that. My father was no exception and while I take heed of that, I cannot contain or refrain myself from bringing out the following with all sincerity and truthfulness.

My father was taken to the hospital on Aug 8 with complaints of weakness and walking not as usual and was examined by a doctor at the Accident & Emergency Bay followed by an ECG and chest X-Ray. Blood samples were also drawn for further tests.

Subsequent to this, the doctor had told my uncle that my father's 'heart was weak' and he had to be admitted. Blood investigations revealed elevated cardiac enzymes and a positive Troponin T test was diagnosed as, 'acute coronary syndrome'.

Any doctor worth his salt would have known that a patient of 94 years with evidence of chest infection, elevated cardiac enzymes with a positive Troponin T needs to be in the CCU (Coronary Care Unit) or ICU and it's no rocket science to deduce that. If the blood pressure is on the falling trend he needs to be on some kind of ionotrope if necessary.

The questions that need an answer are the following:

Why was he put into a normal ward?

Why was he on normal diet when rightfully he should have been on a soft diet?

What was the treating doctor waiting for?

Where was the aptitude, logical deliberation of the admitting doctor, the treating physician and the medical officers?

It would seem to me that the medical personnel in the hospital would only act if the patient was to throw a massive myocardial infarction (MI or heart attack) and cardiogenic shock before it warrants the patient to be in an ICU or CCU.

It is my personal feeling that perhaps because my father was 94 years he was therefore worthless, inconsequential, forgettable, unimportant, inessential and ephemeral.

I was further shocked when it was told to me by my sister on the day of admission that a junior doctor who was with another doctor had said the following words in Tamil to her which I translate as follows: 'Do you know what is heart attack? He is having a heart attack. We cannot do anything. You better inform your relatives'.

In my mind, if you are going to say that you cannot do anything for a patient who has been diagnosed as having an acute coronary syndrome or heart attack for that matter, then there is something seriously wrong.

At the time my father was admitted at the Taiping Hospital, I was still in KL. I was trying to contact the Taiping Hospital (05-808 3333) from KL on Aug 5 from 2pm onwards and it was virtually impossible to get the operator on the line as after the completion of the ringing tone, the line gets disconnected.

I am disappointed that a very old man with an acute myocardial injury, blood pressure in the descend and with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome was sent to a normal ward. Pray please tell me is this some kind of new management which I may not have known about. This is just mind boggling and if this is indeed a breakthrough I am willing to humble myself.

When I arrived from KL and went to my father's bedside at about 6.30pm, I was concerned that he was not even on a drip or a monitor and appeared to be tachypnoeic, with oxygen prongs in his nostrils. I did notice some Venofix in his elbow.

I was looking for the doctor but was told he was not in any of the wards. By then, I realised without any doubt that my father has to be moved out from that ward if he is to survive as he was 'just sitting on a time bomb.'

At about 7.25pm my father became more tachypnoeic and I could hear wheezing. I realised he was in respiratory distress and immediately I was calling for the nurse to get the doctor-in-charge while trying to get things for a CPR. The nurses appeared to be at a loss and didn't even have the foresight to even bring the emergency trolley if ever there was one.

I was asking them for a cardiac-board (CPR board) but probably they never understood what it was. I told them to fix the pulse-oxymeter and the monitor and by then my father was already showing signs and symptoms of a cardiogenic shock.

His limbs and chest were becoming cold and sweaty The Pulse-Oxymeter was not displaying anything and there was not even an Ambu-bag available at that moment of time. Still there was no signs of the doctor. There was not even an airway at that moment and to my utter dismay and shock while trying to open my father's mouth which was closed I saw that his dentures were still there!

I managed to remove the dentures and kept telling the nurses to get the doctor-in-charge, only to be told that he was on the way. Finally, after a lapse of 10-15 minutes the doctor showed up and only then were the electrodes were placed on my father's chest and the monitor showed marked ST elevations. The doctor told me to stay 'outside' and I was informed that the oxygen saturation was 85% which was anything but reliable.

I am thoroughly disappointed that the doctor was complaining about my presence there. I overheard him say that I had no right to be there or do anything since I am not in government service. This attitude was appalling.

The doctor was much more keen to shine a torch into my father's eyes rather than to take any pro-active measure in resuscitation. I could see that the doctor was not going to intubate though it was absolutely essential to do this with such an oxygen-saturation.

I walked up to the doctor and told him, 'Doctor, he needs to be intubated and if you don't mind, can I intubate' and not surprisingly my request was denied.

I sincerely and wholeheartedly pray that no other son should undergo this trauma where you realise your beloved father's life ebbing away and the doctor is really not doing anything about it and neither allowing you to do something which you are competent to do and to what extent 'bagging' will improve oxygen saturation is anybody's guess. What was so wrong to grant me the permission to perform an indispensable procedure? Was it pride or ego, I ask.

By this time, I knew it would take a miracle, short of divine intervention for my father to come back. All the way through, it was only the houseman who was trying to do 'resuscitation' and only after an aeon later were two other senior doctors were present. But by then it was too late.

As I knew that the houseman was not going to do what was necessary, I told the Ward Sister to contact the doctor whom I had spoken to and to tell the housemen that my father needs to be intubated and to do it immediately.

But sadly, the Sister, instead of getting the doctor on the line, was much more interested to find out to what extent I knew the doctor – whether I knew him personally or not and so till I left the ward after my father's life was extinguished the Sister never got the doctor on the line.

At this juncture, I must also note that this Sister - who was at the Nurses Counter - did not show any urgency towards a patient who has collapsed. Only much later was she there for assistance.

The time of death of my father has been stated as 8.17 pm. This is not true. For more than fifteen to twenty minutes, there was only a pretension of resuscitation when in actual fact, nothing was being done. In reality, my father's life was snuffed out much much more earlier than 8.17 pm.

As a doctor who had gone through the mill for the past 30 years, I could only stand by watching helplessly and witnessing everything that took place

In any resuscitative effort, time is of the essence and there should be a sense of urgency, speed and aptitude combined with a whole lot of doctor's competence. Otherwise, what is undertaken is just perfunctory and the result will be surely and definitely be a failure as to what has happened to my father. None of the abovementioned attributes were present when my father's life was ebbing away.

The final blow for the day came when the lady Medical Officer came and asked me whether they can be allowed to perform a post-mortem on my father – reason being to establish the cause of death. I was at a loss for words. As for me, I feel the onus is on me to confirm the cause of death and in this instant they seem to be multi- factorial. Causes of death of my father:

1. Mismanagement

2. Negligence

3. Incompetence

4. Lackadaisical

5. Inaptitude

6. Nursing Apathy

My father is no more. The happiness, strength you draw and the happy moments you share with an aging father more so if he is good-natured and hale and hearty for his age. With a saintly demeanor, this gift is just colossal and inestimable.

My family's dreams for our aging, dignified father, an embodiment of sacrifice, has been doused because of deplorable reasons and nothing will ever be able to fill the void created.

The old adage, 'something is rotten in the state of Denmark' can now be mutated to'something is seriously and really not right in the House of Hippocrates' as far as Malaysia is concerned.

Healthy Lifestyle: Top Concentration Killers

Tuesday, September 14, 2010

Reviewed by: Louise Chang, MD for WebMD
Culprit: Social Media
Whether you're living with ADHD or just have trouble focusing from time to time, today's world is full of concentration killers. Psychologist Lucy Jo Palladino, PhD offers a few tips to manage distractions, starting with social media. It's easy to connect with friends -- and disconnect from work -- many times an hour. Every status update zaps your train of thought, forcing you to backtrack when you resume your work.

Social Media Fix
Avoid logging in to social media sites while you're working. If you feel compelled to check in every now and then, do it during breaks, when the steady stream of posts won't interrupt your concentration. If you can't resist logging in more frequently, take your laptop someplace where you won't have Internet access for a few hours.

Culprit: Email Overload
There's something about an email -- it shoots into your inbox and itches to be answered immediately. Although many emails are work-related, they still count as distractions from your current project. You won't make much progress if you constantly stop what you're doing to reply to every message.

Email Overload Fix
Instead of checking email continuously, set aside specific times for that purpose. During the rest of the day, you can actually shut down your email program. This allows you to carve out blocks of time when you can work uninterrupted.

Culprit: Your Cell Phone
Perhaps even more disruptive than the ping of an email is the ringtone on your cell phone. It's a sound few of us can ignore. But taking a call not only costs you the time you spend talking – it can also cut off your momentum on the task at hand.

Cell Phone Fix
Put caller ID to good use. If you suspect the call is not urgent, let it go to voicemail. If you're working on a particularly intense project, consider silencing your phone so you're not tempted to answer. Choose specific times to check voicemail. Listening to all your messages at once can be less disruptive than taking every call as it comes in.

Culprit: Multitasking
If you've mastered the art of multitasking, you probably feel you're getting more done in less time. Think again, experts say. Research suggests you lose time whenever you shift your attention from one task to another. The end result is that doing three projects simultaneously usually takes longer than doing them one after the other.

Multitasking Fix
Whenever possible, devote your attention to one project at a time, particularly if you're working on an intense or high-priority task. Save your multitasking skills for chores that are not urgent or demanding -- it probably won't hurt to tidy up your desk while talking on the phone.

Culprit: Boredom
Some of the tasks we have to do each day are more interesting than others. The boring ones may burn through your attention span in minutes, making you extremely vulnerable to distractions. Your phone, the Internet, even the prospect of dusting your workspace can seem tempting if you're bored.

Boredom Fix
Make a deal with yourself: If you stay on task for a certain period of time, you earn a 10-minute break. Reward yourself with coffee, a favorite snack, or a walk outside. Boring tasks are easier to accomplish when you have something to look forward to. This is also one case where multitasking may work well. Listening to the radio while filing receipts could help you stay put long enough to finish the job.

Culprit: Nagging Thoughts
It's hard to focus on the work in front of you if you're worrying about errands you need to run or housework to be done. Or perhaps you're hung up on a conversation you had yesterday, and you keep replaying it in your mind. Nagging thoughts of any sort can be a powerful distraction.

Nagging Thoughts Fix
One way to keep nagging thoughts from buzzing around in your brain is to write them down. Make a list of errands, housework, or other tasks you plan to complete later. Vent frustrations over an unpleasant confrontation in your journal. Once these thoughts are on paper, you may be able to let them go for awhile.

Culprit: Stress
When you feel like you have too much on your plate, it can be hard to focus on individual tasks. To make matters worse, stress takes a noticeable toll on the body. You may develop tight shoulders, headaches, or a racing heart, all of which can chip away at your ability to concentrate.


Stress Fix
Learn stress reduction techniques, such as meditation. This can help you rein in stressful thoughts, so they don't demand so much of your attention. In one study, researchers found that people who took an eight-week meditation course improved their ability to focus. If you can't find a meditation class locally, look for one online.

Culprit: Fatigue
Fatigue can make it tough to concentrate, even when you have few distractions. Studies suggest too little sleep can sap your attention span and short-term memory.

Fatigue Fix
Most adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night. Instead of burning the midnight oil, make sleep a priority. This will help you get more done during your waking hours. Also, pay attention to which times of day you feel most alert. Then you'll know when to schedule your most intense tasks.

Culprit: Hunger
The brain can't focus without fuel, so skipping meals – especially breakfast – is a top concentration killer. Research indicates short-term memory and attention suffer when you rise and shine but do not dine.

Hunger Fix
Keep hunger at bay and give your brain a steady source of fuel with these habits:
  • Always eat breakfast.
  • Eat high-protein snacks (cheese, nuts)
  • Skip simple carbs (sweets, white pasta)
  • Choose complex carbs (whole grains)

Culprit: Depression
Most people tend to think of sadness as the hallmark of depression. But the National Institute of Mental Health says difficulty concentrating is one of the most common symptoms. If you're having trouble focusing, and you also feel empty, hopeless, or indifferent, you may be experiencing depression.

Depression Fix
If you think you might be depressed, the first step is to talk with a doctor or counselor. Depression is highly treatable. Many studies have shown the effectiveness of antidepressant medications and certain types of talk therapy.

Culprit: Medication
Unfortunately, some of the medications used to treat depression can interfere with concentration. The same is true of many other drugs. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist to check if a medication or supplement you are taking may be affecting your concentration.

Medication Fix
If you suspect your meds are clouding your concentration, don't assume there are no other options. Talk to your doctor about adjusting your dosage or switching to a different class of medication.

Culprit: ADHD
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not just a problem for children. More than half of kids with ADHD continue to experience symptoms as adults. The classic signs are a short attention span and trouble focusing on tasks.

ADHD Fix
If you have consistent trouble focusing, and you had attention problems as a child, ask a doctor or counselor about ADHD. There are ways to manage the condition, including behavioral therapy and medications.




SOURCE: WebMD
*Article and pictures are properties of WebMD. Posted here for sharing purpose only. Please visit the main site. No copyright infringement intended.

Slides Picture of SMS 3033: Part 2

Pathophysiology Of Reproductive System: Lab Report 2

Can anyone help to explain these slides? All the slides are of histo-pathology. I am not sure of the name for each slides, but should I'm not mistaken, the arrangement are as follow:

1. Cervical Tumour
2. Endometrial Cancer
3. Endometrium Degeneration
4. Endometrium Interstitialoma
5. Ovary Cyst
Pathological changes of:
6. Placenta-Artery
7. Placenta-Vein
8. Umbilical Cord

Do inform me if the naming are wrong.



Slides Picture of SMS 3033: Part 1

Pathophysiology Of Reproductive System: Lab Report 1

Can anyone help to explain these slides? All the slides are of normal histology.

Ovary

...



Uterine Tube

...


Uterus

...

Uterus Cervix Junction
1st picture is the Uterus, 2nd is the Cervix



Holes in medical coverage

Sunday, September 12, 2010


Holes in medical coverage

When buying medical insurance, make sure to study the terms and conditions properly to avoid being short-changed at the critical moment.

WHEN R. Samy* found his wife unconscious on the bedroom floor, he feared the worst for her. Fortunately – or so he thought – she had a medical insurance policy so they did not have to worry about paying the hospital bills.

He took her to a panel hospital under the insurance company and she was admitted. The following day, while still fretting over his wife’s well-being, Samy received a rude shock: her insurer had declined to issue a guarantee letter for her treatment. The reason – there were pre-existing conditions that she did not state when purchasing the policy.

According to Samy, these ranged from her having a sinus problem and a heart condition. He says she does not suffer from such conditions and has doctors’ reports to prove it.

»We do everything to ensure agents advise and sell policies properly« HENG ZEE WANG

Another reason stated was that she had a history of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. It was merely a consult done with the family doctor four years ago during her menopause, Samy maintains.

He was asked to settle the hospital bill upon her discharge and would be reimbursed by the insurers later. He was unable to pay the bill, however, and it remains unsettled till now. He has received a lawyer’s letter from the hospital demanding payment.

“When they sold the policy, they promised the moon and the sky and said everything would be taken care of. It was not cheap – about RM2,400 annually,” Samy says, adding that the terms and conditions were not clearly outlined to him before the policy was signed.

“The policy is 30 to 40 pages long. With all its legal terms, it may as well be written in a foreign language. How do you expect a layman to understand it?”

He feels aggrieved because the company has yet to clearly state the grounds for its denial to issue a guarantee letter. He also believes it is on a witch-hunt to find reasons to avoid paying the claim.

“I have even gone to Bank Negara but nothing has come of it. I now have no choice but to take legal action against the company.”

Samy’s tale is but one “horror story” involving medical insurance claims (see accompanying story for two more examples).

His expectations are legitimate as he paid good money to ensure he would be covered in a medical emergency. But for reasons that he could not comprehend, that was denied.

It is not far-fetched to say that all medical policy holders have a similar expectation.

But Federation of Malaysian Consumers Associations (Fomca) secretary-general Muhammad Sha’ani Abdullah is sceptical about medical insurance’s effectiveness as a comprehensive solution for the healthcare needs of the people.

“Insurance companies are commercial entities whose objective is to minimise exposure and maximise profits,” says Sha’ani, who is also the National Consumer Complaints Centre (NCCC) chief executive.

He believes that in order to reduce risk, medical insurance caters to healthy people and avoids the “risky” population.

He says he has heard many complaints from consumers who find out that cover is restricted, or will not be provided, when they are seeking treatment.

“Fomca does not recommend it as a fool-proof measure. People assume that medical insurance will take care of any eventuality so they keep on paying. Then, when they need protection, they find it is not adequate.”

Sha’ani believes policies are being sold without ensuring the customer fully understands the terms and conditions.

Citing policies that do not require a prior medical check-up, he says: “Some don’t say that you must disclose existing health problems – they just fill up the form and take payment. Only when the claim is submitted will they investigate for pre-existing medical conditions. And this is after regularly paying premiums for a year.”

The onus is on the company to ensure the customer does not buy a product without proper protection, he stresses.

Malaysian Medical Association (MMA) president Dr David K. L. Quek acknowledges that disputes do happen in medical insurance claims.

But, he says, it is important for the customer to know what he is buying and be aware that not everything will be covered.

He gives the example where someone goes to a hospital because he feels unwell. Unknown to him, the condition is not life-threatening but he insists on getting a full medical check-up.

“Health insurance is not a blank cheque for you to be checked from head to toe. All this costs extra money and it is not fair to you or the insurers,” he says.

“The whole idea of insurance is to share out the risk. So you get treatment when you need it, not when you demand it.”

He points out that generally you get what you pay for.

“You cannot buy insurance for a few hundred ringgit and expect to get the best care.”

When two commercial entities (private hospitals and insurance companies) come head to head, there are bound to be points of contention. Unfortunately, it is the patient who is caught in the middle. Problems can arise because insurance companies insist on discounts, which some private hospitals are not willing to give.

Medical insurance is essentially a contract between the insured and the insurer with all the terms and conditions stated in black and white in the policy document. By signing the document, the customer agrees to the terms and conditions and is bound to them to the letter.

“Customers must be wary when they buy medical insurance. They have to investigate and shop around. They should never assume it will cover everything and must check the coverage provided,” advises Sha’ani.

Heng Zee Wang, Prudential Assurance Malaysia Bhd chief product and marketing officer, says customers should be aware that what they are purchasing will suit their needs.

“What insurance to buy depends on your financial capability. Lower level plans come with lower coverage so look at what you want to cover and what you can afford,” he says.

And as with any contract, both parties should be well aware of the terms and conditions they are agreeing to.

Heng points out that insurance policies typically have a list of exclusions where the insured cannot make claims. Examples of these are injuries caused by natural disasters, riots, under the influence of illegal substances, and even radioactive contamination. Even some conditions, such as AIDS, and communicable diseases requiring quarantine, like SARS, are excluded.

Apart from the exclusions, each insurance company will also have its own terms and conditions, and it is crucial that the customer clearly understands what they are.

There are some typical ones that must be properly communicated to or understood by the customer. He may feel cheated if denied a claim because of these.

These include disclosure of pre-existing conditions (where it is the customer’s responsibility to inform the insurer of any previous medical condition); co-insurance (where the customer pays a portion of the hospital bill); investigative admission (going for a medical check-up, which is not covered); as well as annual and lifetime limits (amount that can be claimed within one year, and over the entire course of the policy).

Whose responsibility is it to ensure the nitty-gritty details of each policy are fully communicated to the customer?

Heng says both parties bear a part of it. “We train our agents to explain as much as possible but it is also important for the customer himself to ensure he is aware of and fully understands the terms and conditions. There are many important points, and customers should be proactive and ask as many questions as necessary before signing.”

Heng assures that his company goes through a rigid process of recruiting agents and have high training requirements.

“From the company’s point of view, we do everything to ensure agents advise and sell policies properly to customers. If we find out that certain agents do not, we will take action.”

Heng also advises policy holders to contact their insurers at the first possible instance before seeking treatment. This is to ensure that they are aware of the proper procedure and cover provided and avoid being saddled with costs that they have to bear themselves.

Healthcare for all

As it stands, Malaysians have two avenues to obtain potentially expensive medical treatment which they will not be able to afford on their own. The first is from public hospitals, and the second is with medical insurance.

Sha’ani says public hospitals typically have a long waiting list and treatment may not reach the sick in time. As he believes that medical insurance is inadequate, then it is the Government which should come up with a solution.

“Everybody has the right to proper healthcare. If insurance cannot give proper cover, then the state should provide it.

“In the first place, healthcare should not be commercialised – it is the state’s responsibility,” he stresses.

Referring to the proposed National Health Financing Scheme, which has been bandied about for some time but has not yet materialised, as a potential solution, he says: “We can follow the Socso model; everyone contributes and that scheme will protect everyone.”

Dr Quek says recent reforms such as that introduced in the United States would be welcome, as well as schemes such as Medicare and Medicaid, which provide for the older generation and low-income groups respectively.

“Right now, the Government spends about 2% of the nation’s GDP on healthcare, which is about RM13bil. If they can allocate more, to about RM30bil, then a lot more ground can be covered.”

He says a healthcare model based on Socso or EPF can work, but everybody has to pay for it, including public servants.

“The private sector should not have to bear all the costs. If public servants do not pay, then the Government should pay on their behalf,” says Dr Quek.

*Real names withheld to protect identity

 
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